TheThingsIndustries Integration

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TheThingsIndustries Integration

Overview

TheThingsIndustries is LoRaWAN network designed for connecting your devices using LoRaWAN stack. After integrating TheThingsIndustries with the IoT Hub, you can connect, communicate, process and visualize data from devices in the IoT Hub IoT platform.

The Things Stack

Register Application

The first step is to create an application in TheThingsIndustries console. Go to console by , open Applications section, press add application button and fill required fields.

  • Application ID - thingsboard-integration

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Payload Decoder

Our device submits data in binary format. We have 2 options where to decode this data:

  • TheThingsIndustries decoder - data will be decoded before entering the IoT Hub
  • IoT Hub converters - uplink/downlink converters will be used to decode data from binary format into JSON

In this tutorial, we will make an initial transformation into JSON with TTI decoder and then use IoT Hub converters for correct data processing. In real life scenario, it is up to you where to decode/encode data, because it is possible to do this on any side.

After application registered in TTI, go to Payload formatters, Uplink select decoder function. We will take the first byte as a temperature value from a device and transform it into JSON.

Decode Function

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function Decoder(bytes, port) {
  var decoded = {temperature: bytes[0]};
  return decoded;
}

Output json:

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{
  "temperature": 2
}

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Press Save payload function

Device Registration in TheThingsIndustries

Next step is a Device creation in the TTI. Open End devices page and press Add end device

  • Device ID - thermostat1.

  • DevEUI - unique device identifier.

  • Press Network layer settings button.

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  • Select configuration for your device.

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  • Press Application layer settings button.

Fill the AppSKey by generation button.

Press Add end device button.

Integration with the IoT Hub

We need to create Integration on The Things Industries, to do this open Integrations - MQTT and press Generate new API key. Copy username and password we will need it later.

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Now we can start configuring the IoT Hub.

First, we need to create Uplink Data converter that will be used for receiving messaged from the TTI. The converter should transform incoming payload into the required message format. Message must contains deviceName and deviceType. Those fields are used for submitting data to the correct device. If a device was not found then new device will be created. Here is how payload from TheThingsIndustries will look like:

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{
  "end_device_ids": {
    "device_id": "thermostat1",
    "application_ids": {
      "application_id": "thingsboard-integration"
    },
    "dev_eui": "ABABABABABABABAA",
    "join_eui": "0000000000000000",
    "dev_addr": "270000BC"
  },
  "correlation_ids": [
    "as:up:01EFEBYDTA1X51TDGPKC1EYK6N",
    "gs:conn:01ED482WRPY2BABY4TYZV57RJG",
    "gs:uplink:01ED9B93M49J8P3FQXCGGCYTGX",
    "ns:uplink:01ED9B93MH00CTY41A6KF674E4",
    "rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.AppAs/SimulateUplink:01EFEBYDS9BGD5A9VVZ6GSNBAV",
    "rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01ED9B93MH293RE2TR3F1WMHEG"
  ],
  "received_at": "2020-08-11T08:59:45.869225403Z",
  "uplink_message": {
    "session_key_id": "BXGsg614fdmYH7efd+fRvA==",
    "f_port": 2,
    "f_cnt": 23787,
    "frm_payload": "AhJF8HTI3khf",
    "decoded_payload": {
      "temperature": 2
    },
    "settings": {
      "data_rate": {}
    },
    "received_at": "2020-08-11T10:08:31.505981496Z"
  }
}

We will take device_id and map it to the deviceName and application_id map to the deviceType. But you can use another mapping in your specific use cases. Also, we will take the value of the temperature field and use it as a device telemetry.

Go to Data Converters and create new uplink Converter with this function:

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var data = decodeToJson(payload);
var deviceName = data.end_device_ids.device_id;
var deviceType = data.end_device_ids.application_ids.application_id;

var result = {
    deviceName: deviceName,
    deviceType: deviceType,
    telemetry: {
         temperature: data.uplink_message.decoded_payload.temperature
    }
};

function decodeToString(payload) {
    return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, payload);
}

function decodeToJson(payload) {
    var str = decodeToString(payload);
    var data = JSON.parse(str);
    return data;
}

return result;

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For sending Downlink messages from the IoT Hub to the device inside TTI, we need to define downlink Converter. In general, output from Downlink converter should have the following structure:

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{
  "downlinks": [{
    "f_port": 2,
    "frm_payload": "vu8=",
    "priority": "NORMAL"
  }]
}
  • contentType - defines how data will be encoded {TEXT | JSON | BINARY}
  • data - actual data that will be sent to the device in TTI. More details about API can be found in this TTI API
  • metadata - in this object you should place correct devId (device id) value that will be used to identify target device in TTI

Go to Data Converters and create new downlink Converter with this function:

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var data = {
        downlinks: [{
            f_port: 2,
            confirmed: false,
            frm_payload: btoa(msg.version),
            priority: "NORMAL"
        }]
    };

var result = {
    contentType: "JSON",
    data: JSON.stringify(data),
    metadata: {
        devId: 'thermostat1'
    }

};
return result;

This converter will take version field from the incoming message and add it is a payload field in the outbound message. Destination device is a thermostat1 device.

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TTI Integration

Next we will create Integration with TheThingsIndustries inside the IoT Hub. Open Integrations section and add new Integration with type TheThingsIndustries

  • Name: TTI Integration
  • Type: TheThingsIndustries
  • Uplink data converter: TTI Uplink
  • Downlink data converter: TTI Downlink
  • Region: eu1 (region where your application was registered inside TTI)
  • Username: thingsboard-integration@thingsboard (use Username from TTI integration)
  • Password: use Password from TTI integration

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Validation

Lets verify our integration.

When device sends data, we can check it in the IoT Hub, to do this:

Go to Device Group -> All -> thermostat1 - you can see that

  • new device was registered in the IoT Hub with name “thermostat1”
  • In the Latest Telemetry section you will see that last submitted temperature = 2.

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For testing Downlink Messages, we will update our Root Rule Chain to send downlink message when device attribute is changed. Open and edit Root Rule Chain. Add Integration Downlink Action node and connect it with the Message Type Switch Node using relation Attributes Updated

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Save Changes.

Go to Device Group -> All -> thermostat1 -> attributes section. We will add Shared attribute with name version and value v.0.11

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By making this step, we triggered downlink message to the device thermostat1 and this message should contains version field value.
Open TTI Console, navigate to thingsboard-integration application, to the section Data.
And we see that Downlink message was received (It is displayed as bytes 76 2E 30 2E 31 31).

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See also

With this integration you can also configure Downlink converters and trigger required actions using Rule Engine nodes.

Next steps